Oil-burner.



' No. 759,500. 'PATENTEDMAY 10, 1904.

` G. G. CALKINS.

OIL BURNER.

Arrmorrxpx FILED SMT. 21, 190s.

xo MODEL. z snnmssnnm 1.

No. 759,500. -PATENTED MAY l0, 1904.

G. G. OALKINS.

OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION HL'ED SEPT. 21, 190s. No MODEL. l? `2 SHEETS-HEBT 2.

c1 C2. ce 7 ,/'llim MLW//f/Wmg w f Cz f/ L a Patented May 10, 1904.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GARY G. OALKINS, OF EVANSTON, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ALMONI-I. OALKINS, OF SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA.

OIL-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. '7 59,500, dated May10, 1904. Application filed September 21, 1903. Serial No. 175,949. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, GARY G. CALKINs, a citizen ofthe United States,residing at Evanston, in the county of Oook and State of Illinois,

have invented certain new and useful Im prove-` ments in Oil-Burners;and I do hereby declare that the following' is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to the letters of 1o reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification.

This invention relates to improvements in oil-burning apparatus fordomestic use, and more especially to oil-burners adapted for use i 5 inconnection with cooking or heating stoves and which are adapted to beplaced in one of the top openings of the stove in place of a removedlid. Some of the features of the invention are, however, adapted for use'in connection with the burners which are located within a stove orotherwise applied or used.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter' described, and moreparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a view in central verticalsection of a burner of circular form embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is aplan view thereof with portions of the top plate broken away to show theconstruction of the parts beneath. Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig.l, showing features additional to those illustrated in said Fig. l. Fig.4 is a plan View of the parts shown in Fig. 3 with the top plate of theburner removed. Fig. 5 is a view in cross-section of a burner embodyingthe features illustrated in Fig. l, together with additional features bywhich a supply of air is furnished to the casing of the burner below themain burnerplate. Fig'. 6 is a plan view of the construction shown inFig. 5 with a portion of the top plate broken away to show the partsbcneath.

As shown in said drawings, A indicates the outer or main casing or shellof the burner, which consists of a cup or basin shaped main part, havingat its upper margin an outwardly-extendingflat annular flange a, whichis adapted to rest upon the top plate of a cookingor other stove whenthe body of the casing is inserted in a hole or opening in the top plateof stove. An opening A large enough to permit the free egress of flameand products of combustion from the burner, is

provided at one side of the shell or casing A,

this opening preferably having the form of a horizontal slot and beinglocated at a point between the top and bottom of the shell. Thisexit-opening A may be directed toward any desired point by turning thecircular burning casing or shell upon the stove so as to bring theopening in position to discharge toward the smoke-pipe of the stove ortoward another opening in the top of the stove in case it is desiredthat the liames issuing' from 65 said exit-passage should be used toyheat a vessel placed over such other opening. A loop or slotted arm A2is provided upon the margin of said flange a, which may be engaged by anordinary stove-lifter for moving 70.

the shell of the burner or turning the same upon the stove. The bottomwall of the shell or casing A is provided with a central elevated parta, which forms at the adjacent side walls of the shell an annular recessor receptacle a2.

Within the casing or shell A above the level of the exit-aperture A islocated a horizontally-arranged burner-plate B, which may be supportedin any convenient manner within 8O the shell, but, as herein shown, isadapted to rest upon an upwardly-facingledge a, which extends around theinner surface of the shell A just above the level of said opening A. Theburner-plate B is provided with a central 8 5 depression oroil-receiving recess B', whi le the outer o1' marginal part of saidplate exterior to said recess is notched or serrated to form radialpoints or arms 7), giving to the plate the general shape of a star. Theouter ends of said arms are adapted to rest upon the annularsupporting-shoulder a3.

Over the top of the casing or shell A is placed a horizontal top plateor cover O, which is located at some distance above the burner-plate Band rests at its margins upon the upper edge of the main or body portionof the shell A. Said main or body portion of the shell is shown asprovided with a groove or rabbet which receives the marginal part of theplate C, so that the surface of said plate is flush with the marginaliiange a of said shell. The said top plate or cover C is provided with alarge number of small air-inlet openings c, which are distributedequally around the center thereof and by which air to support combustionis admitted to the burner-casing above the burnerplate B. At the centerof said plate B an upwardly-projecting boss C' is cast upon the plate,to one side of which is attached a supply-pipe D, by which oil or liquidfuel is supplied or fed to the burner. Said supply-pipe D communicateswith a horizontal passage c in the boss C, and from the inner end ofsaid passage c a vertical feed-opening c2 extends downwardly through theboss C/ and the top plate C and opens at the center of said top plateover the central depression or recess C/ of the burner-plate B. Aroundthe outer margin of the top plate C are formed a series of raisedprojections or supporting-lugs C3, which rise to or above the level ofthe central boss C and which serve to support the cooking utensil orvessel in position over the burner.

In the operation of the burner made as described and shown in Figs. 1and 2 the burner is started by admitting a quantity of oil from thesupply-pipe D to the central .recess or receptacle B of the burner-plateB, and this oil is lighted andallowed to burn until the saidburner-plate B and adjacent parts become highly heated. After said partshave reached a suiciently high temperature to insure the vaporization ofthe oil as soon as it comes in contact with the said burner-plate oilis'thcn admitted from the supply-pipe, so that it will fall drop by dropupon the center of said burner-plate and will be fed thereto no fasterthan it is evaporated or converted into vapor. The oil-vapor is burnedas rapidly as it is produced. A constant supply of air to supportcombustion is aiforded by the numerous small air-inlet holes c in theplate C, which furnish an abundant supply of air above the marginal partof the burner-plate- The flames rising from the burning' vapor pass fromthe central part of the burner-plate B outwardly over the marginal partof the said burner-plate and downwardly through the openings between thearms b of said burner-plate into the lower part of said shell or casingA, from which said iames and the products of combustion make their exitthrough the lateral slot or opening A'.

The construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is generally like thatillustrated in Figs. l and 2 and hereinbefore described. In said Figs, 3and 4 4are shown a plurality of rings E E, which rest upon and rise fromthe burnerplate B, and are arranged to deiiect the flames rising fromthe burning vapor upwardly toward the top plate C, as said iamcs and theproducts of combustion move outwardly toward the outer margin of theburner-plate prior to their descent through the opening between the armsI; of said plate. The rings E E are shown as made of conical form and asthree in number, but they may be of other' shape and greater or less innumber. The outermost of these rings E are made of such diameter to restupon or over the inner ends of the arms 7) of the burner-plate, so thatliames and products of combustion passing downwardly between the saidvrings Will pass through the spaces between said arms;y In theparticular construction shown the rings E E are provided on their outersurfaces with transverse ribs c, which serve as spacing-ribs to hold therings concentric with each other and at a proper distance apart, and theseveral rings are held in place upon the burner-plate by means of lugsU, which rise from the top surfaces of said arms in position to engagethe lower edges of said rings.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a construction which embraces the same mainfeatures illustrated in Figs. l and 2, together with means for supplyingadditional quantity of air to support combustion to the interior of theshell or casing of the burner. In this instance a burnerplate F isemployed, which corresponds generally in location and function with theburnerplate B, but which has a central opening and an annular trough oroil-receptacle F surrounding said central opening. plate F is providedwith radial arms f, like those before described. In connection with thesaid plate F, I employ a central shell or casing embracing a centralupright air-tube G and a lower part or bell G', which latter is locatedbelow the burner-plate F and rests at its lower edge upon the bottom ofthe shell A. The central air-tube Gr rises from the top of the bell G'through the central opening in the plate F and also through a centralopening formed in the top plate C to a point above the top surface ofsaid top plate. The boss C, through which the oil is fed to the burner,is in this instance formed on the top plate C at one side of the centralopening therein and above the annular.trough-shaped receptacle F', sothat oil fed through the supply-pipe D and passing' through theexit-passage c2 and which falls upon or into the bottom' of the trough Fis by the heat of the burner-plate vaporized, as before described.During the progress of combustion air is not only supplied to the top ofthe flame by holes in the top plate C, but an additional supply of airis drawn inwardly through the pipe D and enters the bell Gr, from whichit escapes through a plurality of air-openings g, formed in the top partor wall of said bell. The air thus supplied through the opening g comesin contact with the iiames and burning gases which pass downwardl ythrough or between the arms ff of the burner-plate, thereby affording anabundant supply or' oxygen to said flames and insuring Said burner- IOOcomplete combustion before the products of combustion pass from thecasing throug'h the exit-slot A'.

The burner arranged and operating as described is adapted for use withany suitable liquid fiuid, such as crude petroleum, um'eiined petroleumdistillate, or kerosene. Such burner is especially adapted for use ofthe cheaper fuels, such as crude petroleum or unrefined distillate,because it has no small or narrow pipes or passages in which the fuel isvaporized and which would become choked up or rendered inoperative bythe accumulation of hard or tarry residuum from the burning fuel, itbeing obvious that as evaporation takes place from the surface of theheated burner-plate described any solid residuum left after the burnerhas been a long time in use may be readily removed or scraped from saidplate.

While the burner-casing is herein shown as circular, this particularshape in the burnercasing is not essential, and the same may be made ofother form. Itis, moreover, to be understood that the particular detailsof construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings constitute onlyone practical or convenient form in which the invention may be embodiedand that in carrying out the same it may be structurally varied in manyways without departure from my invention, the essential features ofwhich are pointed out in the appended claims.

Iv claim as my invention l l. A n oil-burner comprising an externalcasing or shell provided with a lateral exit-opening and having a topplate or cover apertured for the downward passage oflai'r therethrough,a burner-plate within the casing provided with marg'inal arms orprojections forming an annularly-arranged series of openings adjacent tothe wall of the casing, and means affording a supply of liquid fuel tothe part of the burner-plate within said arms or projections.

2. An oil-burner comprising an external casing or shell, provided with alateral exit-opening and having a top plate or cover provided with aplurality of apertures for the admission of air andl a burner-platesupported within said casing, said burner -plate having marginal arms orprojections forming openings through which the flames and products ofcombustion pass downwardly to the part of the shell or casing below saidburner-plate, and a receptacle for liquid fuel within said arms orprojections.

3. An oil-burner comprising an external casing or shell provided with alateral exit-open ing and with a top plate or cover apertured for theadmission of air, and a burner-plate supported within said casing, saidburnerplate having marginal arms or projections forming openings throughwhich the flames and products of combustion pass downwardly to the partof the shell or casing below said burner-plate, said top plate beingprovided with an upwardly-extending boss provided with a passage whichopens downwardly through said top plate upon the part of theburner-plate within said arms or projections, and an oil-supply pipeconnected with said boss.

4. An oil-burner comprising an external easing or shelLprovided with alateral exit-opening, and with a top plate or cover apertured for theadmission of air, and a burner-plate supported within said casing, saidburnerplate having marginal arms or projections forming openings throughwhich the flames and products of combustion pass downwardly to the partof the shell or casing below said burner-plate, means supplying liquidfuel to the part of said plate within said arms or projections, and aplurality of rings resting upon said burner-plate around the centralportion thereof.

5. An oil-burner comprising an external casing or shell provided with alateral exit-open ing, and with a top plate or cover apertured for theadmission of air and a burner-plate supported within said casing, saidburnerplate having marginal arms or projections forming openings throughwhich the iiames and products of combustion pass downwardly to the partof the shell or casing below said 95 burner-plate, and a receptacle forliquid fuel within said openings, and a plurality of rings resting uponsaid burner-plate around the said receptacle, said rings being separatedby spaces permitting the downward passage of iiames 100 and products ofcombustion between them.

6. An oil-burner comprising an external casing or shell, provided with alateral opening, and with a top plate or cover apertured for theadmission of air and a burner-plate sup- 105 ported within said casing,said burner-plate having a centrally-arranged receptacle for the liquidfuel, and marginal arms or projections forming openings through whichthe liames and products of combustion pass downwardly I 10 to the partof the shell or casing below said burner-plate, a central air-supplytube extending downwardly through the top plate and the center of saidburner-plate, and a chamber or bell connected with the lower end of saidtube I I 5 and having apertures for the passage of air to the interiorof the casing.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I aiiix mysignature, in presence of two witnesses, this 11th day of September, 120A. D. 1903.

GARY G. CALKlNS.

Witnesses:

C. CLARENCE PooLu, GERTRUDE Baron.

